Updated:

1. Wear a block on your head

/give @s minecraft:diamond_block[equippable={slot:"head"}]

Right-click to put it on. Slots are head, chest, legs and feet. To just put a block on someone right now, /item replace entity @s armor.head with minecraft:diamond_block also works (item replace).

2. A chestplate that glides

/give @s minecraft:diamond_chestplate[glider={}]

Wear it and jump in mid-air to glide like an elytra, keeping full diamond armor. Firework boosts work too.

3. An elytra with armor

/give @s minecraft:elytra[attribute_modifiers=[{type:"minecraft:armor",amount:8,id:"mc:elytra_armor",operation:"add_value",slot:"chest"}]]

Adds 8 armor, the same as a diamond chestplate. On 1.20.5 to 1.21.4 wrap the list as {modifiers:[...]}; on 1.21.1 and older the type is minecraft:generic.armor.

4. Match the icon

/give @s minecraft:diamond_chestplate[glider={},item_model="minecraft:elytra"]

The inventory icon becomes an elytra; the worn look does not change (item model command).

Troubleshooting

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